Vitamins are compounds required in minute concentrations for vital metabolic reactions; the amounts of vitamins required for a given species varies. Short-term vitamin deficiencies can typically be tolerated by most organisms, however long-term deficiencies tend to result in abnormalities, poor health, and eventually even death of the specimen. Conversely, if severely overdosed, ingested vitamins can have a negative impact on a specimen by way of toxicity, though the impact is unlikely to be permanent. Decreasing the vitamin dosage typically results in full recovery of the affected specimen. It is recommended that Vitamarin F be utilized as a soak for vitamin-deficient foods, but not through direct addition to the water. Freshwater fish do not drink much water; rather, it enters their bodies as a result of osmotic pressure gradients. Resultantly, addition of Vitamarin F directly to aquarium will be of little benefit. All Brightwell Aquatics liquid water care supplements are made with purified water and high purity materials. We develop formula for aquaria based on empirical data, using observation and measurement rather than theory. Vitamarin F does not require refrigeration, however storage in a cool, shaded area will prolong the activity of the vitamins. Refrigeration will maximize the shelf-life of the product.